7/27 Analysis of outcomes based on serum levels
et al., PLoS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0255132 (Peer Reviewed)
Lower serum 25(OH)D levels associated with higher risk of COVID-19 infection in U.S. Black women
Lower serum 25(OH)D levels associated with higher risk of COVID-19 infection in U.S. Black women
Prospective study of vitamin D levels and COVID-19 infection in the Black Women's Health Study, showing higher risk of infection for lower vitamin D levels. Vitamin D levels were from 3-7 years before infection. Levels at the time of infection may differ, which may reduce the size of the effect observed.
Cozier et al., 7/27/2021, prospective, USA, North America, peer-reviewed, 6 authors.
risk of COVID-19 case, 38.6% lower, RR 0.61, p = 0.02, high D levels 94 of 1601 (5.9%), low D levels 33 of 373 (8.8%), adjusted per study, odds ratio converted to relative risk, >20ng/mL, multivariable.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules
prioritizing more serious outcomes. For an individual study the most serious
outcome may have a smaller number of events and lower statistical signficance,
however this provides the strongest evidence for the most serious outcomes
when combining the results of many trials.
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. Vaccines and treatments are both extremely valuable and complementary. All
practical, effective, and safe means should be used. Elimination of COVID-19
is a race against viral evolution. No treatment, vaccine, or intervention is
100% available and effective for all current and future variants. Denying the
efficacy of any method increases the risk of COVID-19 becoming endemic; and
increases mortality, morbidity, and collateral damage. We do not provide
medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician
who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based
on your medical history and situation. Treatment protocols for physicians are
available from the FLCCC.