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All Studies   Meta Analysis    Recent:   
0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ ICU admission -0% Improvement Relative Risk Hospitalization 11% Severe case -20% Case 0% Vitamin D  Brunvoll et al.  Prophylaxis  DB RCT Is prophylaxis with vitamin D + cod liver oil beneficial for COVID-19? Double-blind RCT 34,601 patients in Norway (November 2020 - June 2021) Higher severe cases with vitamin D + cod liver oil (not stat. sig., p=0.17) Very low dose vitamin D, relatively high D levels for both groups c19early.org Brunvoll et al., BMJ, September 2022 Favors vitamin D Favors control

Prevention of covid-19 and other acute respiratory infections with cod liver oil supplementation, a low dose vitamin D supplement: quadruple blinded, randomised placebo controlled trial

Sep 2022  
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Vitamin D for COVID-19
8th treatment shown to reduce risk in October 2020
 
*, now known with p < 0.00000000001 from 120 studies, recognized in 7 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine complementary and synergistic treatments. * >10% efficacy in meta analysis with ≥3 clinical studies.
3,900+ studies for 60+ treatments. c19early.org
RCT 17,278 low-risk patients (zero mortality) treated with 5mL/day cod liver oil (~400IU vitamin D) and 17,323 placebo patients in Norway with, showing no significant differences with treatment. The placebo group had higher vitamin D at baseline, and both groups had comparable vitamin D during treatment (74 vs. 63 nmol/L). 23% of control patients took vitamin D supplements and 62% consumed fatty fish (typically a good source of vitamin D). Adherence was low (<70% for "strict" compliance, which only required >0.5L consumed, or treatment for > "2-3" months).
This is the 22nd of 29 COVID-19 RCTs for vitamin D, which collectively show efficacy with p=0.0000035.
This is the 95th of 120 COVID-19 controlled studies for vitamin D, which collectively show efficacy with p<0.0000000001 (1 in 226 sextillion).
risk of ICU admission, 0.3% higher, RR 1.00, p = 1.00, treatment 4 of 17,278 (0.0%), control 4 of 17,323 (0.0%).
risk of hospitalization, 10.9% lower, RR 0.89, p = 1.00, treatment 8 of 17,278 (0.0%), control 9 of 17,323 (0.1%), NNT 17692.
risk of severe case, 20.0% higher, RR 1.20, p = 0.17, treatment 121 of 17,278 (0.7%), control 101 of 17,323 (0.6%).
risk of case, no change, RR 1.00, p = 0.98, treatment 227 of 17,278 (1.3%), control 228 of 17,323 (1.3%), NNT 42377.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Brunvoll et al., 7 Sep 2022, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, placebo-controlled, Norway, peer-reviewed, mean age 44.9, 15 authors, study period 10 November, 2020 - 2 June, 2021, dosage 400IU daily, this trial uses multiple treatments in the treatment arm (combined with cod liver oil) - results of individual treatments may vary, trial NCT04609423 (history). Contact: arne@meg.no.
This PaperVitamin DAll
Prevention of covid-19 and other acute respiratory infections with cod liver oil supplementation, a low dose vitamin D supplement: quadruple blinded, randomised placebo controlled trial
Sonja H Brunvoll, Anders B Nygaard, Merete Ellingjord-Dale, Petter Holland, Mette Stausland Istre, Karl Trygve Kalleberg, Camilla L Søraas, Kirsten B Holven, Stine M Ulven, Anette Hjartåker, Trond Haider, Fridtjof Lund-Johansen, John Arne Dahl, Haakon E Meyer, Arne Søraas
BMJ, doi:10.1136/bmj-2022-071245
Objective To determine if daily supplementation with cod liver oil, a low dose vitamin D supplement, in winter, prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection, serious covid-19, or other acute respiratory infections in adults in Norway.
References
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Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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